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B Abbreviations

ARP
Address Resolution Potocol, protocol for finding out which IP-number belongs to a given hardware (ethernet, ...) address.
BSD
Berkeley System Distribution, Unix flavour developed at the University of California at Berkeley.
CCITT
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee, defined networking-protocols such as X.25, X.400, X.500, ....
CSRG
Computer Systems Research Group, core developers of BSD.
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, sponsor for developing TCP/IP.
DNS
Domain Name Service, method to map hostnames to IP-addresses and backvia a distributed database.
FQDN
Fully Qualified Domain Name, hostname plus domain.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol, program & TCP/IP-based protocol to transfer single files between machines.
HDLC
High-level Data Link Control, standard for data-exchange over point-to-point-link or multi-point link.
ISO
International Standard Organisation, standards organisation consisting of various sub-groups responsible for all kind of technical standards.
LAN
Local Area Network, building- or site-wide network.
LLC
Logical Link Control, layer right above the hardware, subclass of HDLC.
MSB
Most Significant Bit, bit in a machine word (byte, ...) with the most significance.
NFS
Networking File System, gives transparent access to remote files.
NIC
Network Information Center, responsible for coordinating all the names and IP-numbers used on a (usually wide area) network.
NIS
Network Information Service, method to share one database (e. g. `passwd'-file) between several machines; former Yellow Pages (YP).
NS
see XNS.
OSI
Open Systems Interconnected, standardized protocol suite.
PPP
Point to Point Protocol, transports several protocols (TCP/IP, DECnet, ... over serial lines.
RFC
Request For Comment, open definition of internet standards.
RIPE
Resaux IP Europe, central authority to hand out IP numbers in europe.
SLIP
Serial Line IP, transports IP-packets over serial line.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, most widespread networking protocol today.
TP
Twisted Pair, cable-type using pairs of wires twisted together for better immunity against spurious noise signals.
UCB
University of California at Berkeley; origin of the BSD-Unix and NetBSD.
WWW
World Wide Web, cause of the whole Internet hype.
X11
Version 11 of the X-Window-System developed at MIT.
XNS
Xeros Network System, network architecture developed by Xerox in the late 1970s to integrage their office products and computer systems. The Protocol's similar to TCP/IP.
YP
Yellow Pages, see NIS; renamed after conflicts with british telecom.

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